Terebi o mimashita

In this lesson, we will create past-long forms from verb stems. Past verbs indicate actions that occurred in the past, and sometimes they indicate the present perfect tense. Past forms can also be used to express actions that will be completed in the future, emphasizing their completion up to a point in time.

Past-long forms (past-affirmative and past-negative)

Short formLong form
AffirmativeKaku (dictionary form)Kakimasu 
NegativeKakanaiKakimasen, Kakanaidesu
Past-affirmativeKaitaKakimashita
Past-negativeKakanakattaKakimasendeshita, Kakanakattadesu

Group1=U-verb

Add i after the stem and then mashita.
ex. kaku >>> kaki >>> kaki mashita

Add i afeter the stem and then masen deshita.
ex. kaku >>> kaki >>> kaki masendeshita

Group2=IRUERU-verb

Add mashita to stems.
ex. taberu >>> tabe >>> tabe mashita

Add masen deshita to stems.
ex. taberu >>> tabe >>> tabe masendeshita

Group3=Exceptional verb

past affirmative >>> shimashita, kimashita

past negative >>> shimasen deshita, kimasen deshita

Expressions

Satou:
Kinou wa yasumi deshita. Ichinichijuu heya kara demasendeshita. Juunijikan nemashita. Jasutinsan wa nani o shimashitaka?

Justin:
Roppongi e ikimashita. Tomodachi to kaimono o shimashita. Kurabu wa ippai arimashita ga, ikimasendeshita.

Words

WordMeaning
yasumiday-off, rest, break
ichinichijuuall day
heyaroom
derugo out
…jikan… hours
nerusleep
roppongiRoppongi (name of the place)
ikugo
tomodachifriend
towith
kaimonoshopping
kurabuclub
ippaimany, much
aruexist
… ga…, but

Exercise

Question 1

Change the following dictionary-forms into past affirmatives.

  1. akeru (open) >>>
  2. miru (watch) >>>          
  3. arau (wash) >>>         
  4. kaku (write) >>>         
  5. oyogu (swim) >>>        
  6. keisan-suru (calculate) >>>

Answer 1

  1. akemashita
  2. mimashita
  3. araimashita
  4. kakimashita
  5. oyogimashita
  6. keisanshimashita

Question 2

Change the following dictionary-forms into past negatives.

  1. akeru (open) >>>
  2. miru (watch) >>>          
  3. arau (wash) >>>         
  4. kaku (write) >>>         
  5. oyogu (swim) >>>        
  6. keisan-suru (calculate) >>>            

Answer 2

  1. akemasen deshita
  2. mimasen deshita
  3. araimasen deshita
  4. kakimasen deshita
  5. oyogimasen deshita
  6. keisanshimasen deshita

Question 3

Translate English into Japanese, using past affirmatives.

  1. drink beer *drink (nomu) >>>        
  2. watch TV *watch (miru)>>>        
  3. do exercise *exercise (undou)>>>        
  4. wash car *wash (arau)>>>         

Answer 3

  1. biiru o nomimashita
  2. terebi o mimashita
  3. undou o shimashita
  4. kuruma o araimashita