Terebi o mimashita
In this lesson, we will create past-long forms from verb stems. Past verbs indicate actions that occurred in the past, and sometimes they indicate the present perfect tense. Past forms can also be used to express actions that will be completed in the future, emphasizing their completion up to a point in time.
Past-long forms (past-affirmative and past-negative)
Short form | Long form | |
---|---|---|
Affirmative | Kaku (dictionary form) | Kakimasu |
Negative | Kakanai | Kakimasen, Kakanaidesu |
Past-affirmative | Kaita | Kakimashita |
Past-negative | Kakanakatta | Kakimasendeshita, Kakanakattadesu |
Group1=U-verb
Add i after the stem and then mashita.
ex. kaku >>> kaki >>> kaki mashita
Add i afeter the stem and then masen deshita.
ex. kaku >>> kaki >>> kaki masendeshita
Group2=IRUERU-verb
Add mashita to stems.
ex. taberu >>> tabe >>> tabe mashita
Add masen deshita to stems.
ex. taberu >>> tabe >>> tabe masendeshita
Group3=Exceptional verb
past affirmative >>> shimashita, kimashita
past negative >>> shimasen deshita, kimasen deshita
Expressions
Satou:
Kinou wa yasumi deshita. Ichinichijuu heya kara demasendeshita. Juunijikan nemashita. Jasutinsan wa nani o shimashitaka?
Justin:
Roppongi e ikimashita. Tomodachi to kaimono o shimashita. Kurabu wa ippai arimashita ga, ikimasendeshita.
Words
Word | Meaning |
---|---|
yasumi | day-off, rest, break |
ichinichijuu | all day |
heya | room |
deru | go out |
…jikan | … hours |
neru | sleep |
roppongi | Roppongi (name of the place) |
iku | go |
tomodachi | friend |
to | with |
kaimono | shopping |
kurabu | club |
ippai | many, much |
aru | exist |
… ga | …, but |
Exercise
Question 1
Change the following dictionary-forms into past affirmatives.
- akeru (open) >>>
- miru (watch) >>>
- arau (wash) >>>
- kaku (write) >>>
- oyogu (swim) >>>
- keisan-suru (calculate) >>>
Answer 1
- akemashita
- mimashita
- araimashita
- kakimashita
- oyogimashita
- keisanshimashita
Question 2
Change the following dictionary-forms into past negatives.
- akeru (open) >>>
- miru (watch) >>>
- arau (wash) >>>
- kaku (write) >>>
- oyogu (swim) >>>
- keisan-suru (calculate) >>>
Answer 2
- akemasen deshita
- mimasen deshita
- araimasen deshita
- kakimasen deshita
- oyogimasen deshita
- keisanshimasen deshita
Question 3
Translate English into Japanese, using past affirmatives.
- drink beer *drink (nomu) >>>
- watch TV *watch (miru)>>>
- do exercise *exercise (undou)>>>
- wash car *wash (arau)>>>
Answer 3
- biiru o nomimashita
- terebi o mimashita
- undou o shimashita
- kuruma o araimashita