Auxiliary 3 – Nihongolog

Osake o nomi sugimashita

do too much (…sugimasu)

Verb

When you do too much of something in Japanese, you can use the expression “sugimasu.” This is added after verb stems to indicate excess. If the stem ends with a consonant, you need to add an i-sound after the stems. The verb “sugimasu” (from “sugiru”) means “to pass” or “to exceed.”

For example, to say “I eat too much,” you start with the verb stem “taberu” (to eat), drop the “ru,” and add “sugimasu” to form “tabesugimasu.” If the verb stem ends with a consonant, like “nomu” (to drink), you drop the “mu,” add an “i” to create “nomi,” and then add “sugimasu” to form “nomisugimasu.”

This construction helps convey that an action is done excessively. For instance, “hanashisugimasu” means “talk too much,” and “arukisugimasu” means “walk too much.”

nomu >>> nomi >>> nomisugimasu
tameru >>> tame >>> tamesugimasu
kiru >>> ki >>> kisugimasu
kiru >>> kiri >>> kirisugimasu
yomu >>> yomi >>> yomisugimasu
taberu >>> tabe >>> tabesugimasu

I eat too much >>> tabesugimasu
I ate too much. >>> tabesugimashita
I drank too much beer yesterday. >>> kinou biiru o nomisugimashita
I played a lot last night. >>> kinou no yoru wa asobisugimashita

Adjectives

i-adjective

For i-adjectives, you cut off the final “i” and add “sugimasu.” This indicates that something is exceeding the expected situation. For example, “atsui” (hot) becomes “atsusugimasu” (too hot), and “omoshiroi” (interesting) becomes “omoshirosugimasu” (too interesting).

karai >>> karasugimasu
muzukashii >>> muzukashisugimasu
tanoshii >>> tanoshisugimasu
ii >>> yosugimasu (Exception)

Noun-adjective

For noun-adjectives, simply add “sugimasu” after the adjective. For example, “genki” (healthy) becomes “genkisugimasu” (too healthy), and “shizuka” (quiet) becomes “shizukasugimasu” (too quiet).

happii >>> happiisugimasu
fukuzatsu >>> fukuzatsusugimasu
mendou >>> mendousugimasu
kaiteki >>> kaitekisugimasu

How to do something

In this lesson, you will learn how to create the expression “how to” using verb stems in Japanese. To form this expression, simply add “kata” to the verb stems. The word “kata” means “method” or “way”, but it is only used with verb stems. This form “…kata” is considered a noun, so the clause before “…kata” is connected with “no”.

For example, to say “how to write”, you take the verb stem for “write” (kaku), drop the “u” and add “i” to get the stem “kaki”, and add “kata” to form “kakikata”. Similarly, “how to read” becomes “yomikata” from the verb “yomu”.

Because “kata” is treated as a noun, any modifiers or additional information must be connected using the possessive particle “no”. For instance, if you want to say “the way of writing a letter”, you would say “tegami no kakikata”, where “tegami” means “letter”.

iku >>> iki >>> ikikata
nomu >>> nomi >>> nomikara
taberu >>> tabe >>> tabekata
noru >>> nori >>> norikata
ikiru >>> iki >>> ikikata
tsukeru >>> tsuke >>> tsukekata
suru >>> shi >>> shikata

I know how to go. >>> ikikata o shitteimasu
I know how to go to Shibuya. >>> shibuya e no ikikata o shitteimasu
I know how to make bread. >>> pan no tsukurikata o shitteimasu
Do you know how to put this on? >>> kono tsukekata o shitteimasuka?
Please teach me how to make bread. >>> pan no tsukurikata o oshietekudasai

Word

Word	Meaning
sugiru	pass, exceed
takai	expensive
onsen	hot spring
sukii	ski
oishii	tastes good
tabemono	food
kaiteki	comfortable
nanode	so
hiruma	day time
yoru	night
daietto	diet
benkyou	study
shimashou	let’s do

Expressions

Justin:
Satousan, hakuba no hoteru wa takaidesuka?

Satou:
Hai, takaidesu. Demo, onsen ga arimasu. Sukii mo arimasu.
Oishii tabemono mo arimasu. Kaiteki sugimasu.

Justin:
Hakuba de sukii o shimasuka?

Satou:
Iie, shimasen. Sukii no shikata o kondo benkyou shimasu.