Paatii ni sanka saseraremashita

Here, you will learn the causative-passive form in Japanese. Before diving into this form, let’s first review the causative form.

The causative form is used to express making or allowing someone to do something. It is used when someone is causing another person to take action, either by giving permission or by compelling them. For example, in the sentence “Sensei wa gakusei ni benkyou saseru.” (The teacher makes the student do homework), the causative form of the verb “suru” (to do) becomes “saseru” (to make someone do).

Causative form

Mr. A requests Mr. B to do something. This action is carried out according to Mr. A’s will, and Mr. B’s will or preference is not considered or mentioned.

(Oya ga) kodomo o(ni) ryuugaku saseru.
(Oya ga) kodomo ni miruku o nomaseru.
(Kanojo ga) kareshi o matasemasu.

Causative form

More about causative form https://nihongolog.com/verb-13/

Causative-passive form

The causative-passive form is complicated to construct and can be confusing. For now, simply be aware that this type of form exists in Japanese.

The causative-passive form is the passive version of the causative form. In this structure, Mr. B is made to do something by Mr. A, and although Mr. B complies, the action reflects Mr. A’s will. It is carried out unwillingly and undesirably by Mr. B, emphasizing that the action was imposed on him.

(B: Kodomo ga) oya(A) ni ryuugaku saserareru.
(B: Kodomo ga) oya(A) ni miruku o nomasareru.
(B: Kareshi ga) kanojo(A) ni matasaremasu.

A is expressed with a particle “ni”. 

How to make causative-passive form

U-verb

verb stem + “aseru” or “asu”

kaku >>> kakaseru (causative) >>> kakaserareru (causative-passive)
kaku >>> kakasu (causative) >>> kakasareru (causative-passive)

irueru-verb

verb stem + “saseru” or “sasu”

taberu >>> tabesaseru (causative) >>> tabesaserareru (causative-passive)
miru >>> misaseru (causative) >>> misaserareru (causative-passive)

Exceptions

suru >>> saseru >>> saserareru
kuru >>> kosaseru >>> kosaserareru

Roughly speaking, “(s)ase” indicates the causative form, while “(r)are” represents the passive form.

Expression

Minna paatii ni sanka shimashita. (Everyone joined the party.)

Kaisha ga minna o paatii ni sanka sasemashita. (The company let everyone join the party.)

Minna paatii ni sanka saseraremashita. (Everyone was forced to join the party.)

Densha ga tomatte, ichijikan mo arukasaremashita. (The train stopped and we were forced to walk for one hour.)

Kaze o hiitanode, kazoku ni byouin ni ikasaremashita. (I got a cold and I was forced to go to a hospital by my family.)

Omiyage o takai nedan de kawasaremashita. (I was forced to buy souvenirs at a high price.)

Exercise

Questions

Changes the verbs into causative-passive form.

  1. naku
  2. odoru
  3. idou suru
  4. aruku

Answers

  1. nakasareru (nakaserareru)
  2. odorasareru (odoraserareru)
  3. idou saserareru
  4. arukasareru (arukaserareru)