Osake toka tabako wa karada ni yokunaidesu
…toka(…toka)
The particle “toka” is used to provide examples. When using “toka,” examples should be in their short forms. However, if the examples are nouns, you can omit the “…da” ending.
This particle can be used with nouns, adjectives, and verbs to list examples. Here’s how it works:
Nouns:
- keeki toka aisukurīmu (Examples like cake and ice cream)
- hon toka zasshi (Examples such as books and magazines)
Adjectives:
- omoshiroi toka tanoshii (Examples like interesting and fun)
- takai toka yasui (Examples such as expensive and cheap)
Verbs:
- taberu toka nomu (Examples like eating and drinking)
- miru toka kiku (Examples such as watching and listening)
Asa wa yooguruto toka banana toka tabemasu.
Yasumi no hi wa jimu ni ikutoka, burogu o kakutoka shiteimasu.
Benkyou ni atama ga iitoka waruitoka, kankei arimasen.
Shigoto ga rakutoka, rakujanaitoka, ima wa wakarimasen.
…ri…ri shimasu
The particle “ri” is primarily used with verbs to give examples of actions. You add “ri” after the ta-form of a verb. Typically, “ri” is repeated twice in a sentence to list multiple examples of actions, and after the second instance of “ri,” the verb “suru” is used to summarize or indicate that these are examples of activities being described.
Example:
Eiga o mitari, ongaku o kiitari shimasu. (I do things like watching movies and listening to music.)
In this example, “mitari” and “kiitari” are used to give examples of actions, and “shimasu” indicates that these are some of the activities the speaker engages in.
Yasumi no hi wa jimu ni ittari burogu o kaitari shiteimasu.
Hon o yondari eiga o mitari suru no ga sukidesu.
Gakkou to ie o ittari kitari shimashita.
Exercise
Questions
Connect two sentences with “ri” and “suru”.
- Tamani nebou suru. Gakkou ni okureru.
- Kaze ga fuku. Ame ga furu.
- Ashita wa hareru. Kumoru.
Answers
- Tamani nebou shitari gakkou ni okuretari shimasu.
- Kaze ga fuitari ame ga furimasu.
- Ashita wa haretari kumottari shimasu.